Is Brivaracetam-Induced Elevation of Carbamazepine-Epoxide Levels Common and Clinically Relevant? — A Case Series

Brivaracetam (BRV) was recently introduced for the treatment of patients with focal epilepsy. BRV undergoes relatively few interactions, but one of them leads to the elevation of carbamazepine (CBZ)-10,11-CBZ-epoxide (CBZ-E) if BRV is co-administered with CBZ. This interaction has been considered to be clinically negligible. We present a case series of nine patients. In eight of them, levetiracetam (LEV) was switched to BRV. In the remaining case, oxcarbazepine was replaced by CBZ and added to a stable BRV dose. A marked increase of CBZ-E occurred in every case and was associated with clinically relevant symptoms including blurred vision, diplopia, dizziness, or fatigue in three of them. However, in the remaining six, the elevated CBZ-E levels were not associated with any tolerability problems. The importance of CBZ-E for adverse events under CBZ may have been overemphasized in the past and is not clinically impairing in most cases treated with the combination of BRV and CBZ.