Particularités Du Diabète Du Sujet Âgé De Plus De 60 Ans Au Niger

RESUME Introduction. Le diabete du sujet âge est une entite nosologique non encore bien definie et circonscrite, ce qui rend sa prise en charge difficile. Ce diabete se greffe souvent a l’oree du grand âge et a une polypathologie entravant la qualite de vie du senior deja fragilise. Le but du travail etait de decrire les caracteristiques de ce diabete afin d’ameliorer nos attitudes therapeutiques. Materiel et methodes. Il s’agit d’une etude transversale, prospective et descriptive qui a dure 10 mois. Elle a concerne les patients diabetiques de plus de 60 ans ayant consulte dans 3 hopitaux de Niamey. Les variables d’interet etaient les donnees sociodemographiques, les facteurs de risques cardiovasculaires et pathologies associees, l’evolution clinique, la prise en charge. Resultats. 150 patients ont ete colliges. Leur âge moyen etait de 70.1 ans, avec un sexe ratio (H/F) de 1.24 et une anciennete moyenne du diabete de 10.6 ans. Les principaux facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires associes au diabete etaient la sedentarite, l’hypertension arterielle et des dyslipidemies avec respectivement 85.6, 75.2 et 48.8%. Le niveau socio-economique etait juge bas chez 51% des patients. 72.7% des patients avaient leurs aptitudes psychomotrices conservees. L’evolution de la maladie a ete emaillee de complications aigues dans 86,7%, degeneratives et cerebrales dans respectivement 43, 46.60 et 16.40%. Le traitement etait constitue d’antidiabetiques oraux dans 69.4% ; il etait associe a des decoctions traditionnelles dans 25.7% des cas. Chez 29.3% des patients, le diabete est devenu insulinorequerant. Conclusion. Le diabete chez le sujet noir africain âge est souvent ancien, polypathologique avec de multiples complications. Il necessite une attention particuliere dans l’education et la prise en charge. ABSTRACT Objectives. The management of diabetes in the elderly patient is difficult because of this patient has multiple associated pathologies which may vary according to the genetic and sociocultural background. The aim of our study was to describe the clinical specificities of diabetes of elderly black African in to improve its treatment. Materials and methods. This was a transversal, prospective descriptive study of 10 months duration. It involved diabetic patients aged 60 years or more, who were consulted in three hospitals in Niamey. Results. 150 diabetic patients were studied. Their average age was 70.1 with a sex ratio (M / F) of 1.24 and the mean duration of diabetes was 10.6 years. Significant associated cardiovascular risk factors were physical inactivity, high blood pressure and dyslipidemia in 85.6, 75.2 and 48.8% respectively. The socio-economic level was considered low in 51% of patients. The psychomotor skills were good for 72.7% of patients. Acute complications were found in 86.7% of patients, while degenerative and brain pathologies were present respectively in 43, 46.60 and 16.40% of patients. The most commonly used treatment was oral antidiabetic (69.4%). 25.7% of patients also used traditional medicines. In 29.3% of patients, diabetes became insulinorequerant. Conclusion: Diabetes in elderly black African patients is usually long standing and associated with multiple pathologies the evolution is marked by numerous complications. Special attention in terms of education and treatment should be dedicated to this situation because of its particular features.