Emergency preparedness for long lasting releases – source terms

The Fukushima-Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) accident has demonstrated the possibility of long-lasting releases of radionuclides from a damaged NPP over several weeks. The objective of this paper is to provide long lasting potential environmental source terms (ST) for the typical reactor units that are being in operation in various European countries. The main aim is to provide environmental ST for testing of the current off-site nuclear emergency planning in European countries with accident scenarios based on lessons learned from the Fukushima accident and to derive recommendations how to improve the current planning. There are described the environmental ST's for three, the most frequent, reactor types - Pressurizer Water Reactor (PWR), Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) a and VVER-440 (VVER = Russian acronym for PWR) that are under operation in Germany, Slovakia, Finland and Spain, but they can be considered as typical for NPP's under operation in another European countries, too.