Exploring the effects of BCG vaccination in patients diagnosed with tuberculosis: observational study using the Enhanced Tuberculosis Surveillance system

•Found evidence of an association between BCG vaccination and reduced all-cause mortality in TB cases.•Weaker evidence of an association between BCG vaccination and reduced repeat TB episodes in TB cases.•There was little evidence of an association with other TB outcomes.•There was weak evidence of associations between TB outcomes and age at, or years since, vaccination.