TACAN is an essential component of the mechanosensitive ion channel responsible for pain sensing

Mechanotransduction, the conversion of mechanical stimuli into electrical signals, is a fundamental process underlying several physiological functions such as touch and pain sensing, hearing and proprioception. This process is carried out by specialized mechanosensitive ion channels whose identities have been discovered for most functions except pain sensing. Here we report the identification of TACAN (Tmem120A), an essential subunit of the mechanosensitive ion channel responsible for sensing mechanical pain. TACAN is expressed in a subset of nociceptors, and its expression increases mechanically-evoked currents in cell lines. Mutagenesis of putative pore-lining residues or reconstitution of purified TACAN in synthetic lipids reveals that TACAN forms a functional ion channel. Finally, knocking down TACAN decreases the mechanosensitivity of nociceptors and reduces behavioral responses to mechanical but not thermal painful stimuli, without affecting the sensitivity to touch. We propose that TACAN is a pore-forming subunit of the mechanosensitive ion channel responsible for sensing mechanical pain.