Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions.

A Adare,S Afanasiev, C Aidala,N N Ajitanand,Y Akiba,R Akimoto,H Al-Bataineh,J Alexander,M Alfred,A Al-Jamel,H Al-Ta'ani,A Angerami,K Aoki,N Apadula,L Aphecetche,Y Aramaki, R Armendariz,S H Aronson,J Asai,H Asano,E C Aschenauer,E T Atomssa,R Averbeck,T C Awes,B Azmoun, V Babintsev,A Bagoly,M Bai, G Baksay,L Baksay,A Baldisseri,B Bannier,K N Barish, P D Barnes,B Bassalleck, A T Basye,S Bathe,S Batsouli,V Baublis,F Bauer,C Baumann,S Baumgart,A Bazilevsky,S Belikov,R Belmont,R Bennett,A Berdnikov,Y Berdnikov,J H Bhom,A A Bickley, M T Bjorndal,D S Blau,M Boer,J G Boissevain,J S Bok,H Borel,K Boyle,M L Brooks,D S Brown,J Bryslawskyj,D Bucher,H Buesching,V Bumazhnov,G Bunce,J M Burward-Hoy, S Butsyk,C M Camacho,S Campbell,V Canoa Roman,A Caringi,P Castera,J-S Chai,B S Chang,W C Chang,J-L Charvet,C-H Chen,S Chernichenko,C Y Chi,J Chiba,M Chiu,I J Choi,J B Choi,S Choi,R K Choudhury,P Christiansen,T Chujo,P Chung,A Churyn,O Chvala,V Cianciolo,Z Citron,C R Cleven,Y Cobigo,B A Cole,M P Comets,Z Conesa Del Valle,M Connors,P Constantin,M Csanád,T Csörgő,T Dahms,S Dairaku,I Danchev,T W Danley,K Das,A Datta,M S Daugherity,G David, M K Dayananda,M B Deaton,K Dehmelt,H Delagrange,A Denisov,D d'Enterria,A Deshpande,E J Desmond,K V Dharmawardane,O Dietzsch,L Ding,A Dion,J H Do,M Donadelli,L D'Orazio,J L Drachenberg,O Drapier,A Drees,K A Drees,A K Dubey,J M Durham,A Durum,D Dutta,V Dzhordzhadze,S Edwards,Y V Efremenko,J Egdemir,F Ellinghaus, W S Emam,T Engelmore,A Enokizono,H En'yo, B Espagnon,S Esumi, K O Eyser,B Fadem,W Fan,N Feege,D E Fields,M Finger,F Fleuret,S L Fokin,B Forestier,Z Fraenkel,J E Frantz,A Franz,A D Frawley,K Fujiwara,Y Fukao,S-Y Fung,T Fusayasu,S Gadrat,K Gainey,C Gal,P Gallus,P Garg,A Garishvili,I Garishvili,F Gastineau,H Ge,M Germain,A Glenn,H Gong,X Gong,M Gonin,J Gosset,Y Goto,R Granier de Cassagnac,N Grau,S V Greene,G Grim,M Grosse Perdekamp,T Gunji,L Guo,H-Å Gustafsson, T Hachiya,A Hadj Henni,C Haegemann,J S Haggerty,M N Hagiwara,K I Hahn,H Hamagaki,J Hamblen,R Han,J Hanks,H Harada,E P Hartouni,K Haruna,M Harvey,S Hasegawa,T O S Haseler,K Hashimoto,E Haslum, K Hasuko,R Hayano,X He,M Heffner,T K Hemmick,T Hester,J M Heuser,H Hiejima,J C Hill,K Hill,R Hobbs,A Hodges,M Hohlmann,R S Hollis,M Holmes,W Holzmann,K Homma,B Hong,T Horaguchi,Y Hori, D Hornback,N Hotvedt,J Huang,S Huang,M G Hur,T Ichihara,R Ichimiya,H Iinuma,Y Ikeda,K Imai,J Imrek,M Inaba,Y Inoue,A Iordanova,D Isenhower,L Isenhower,M Ishihara,T Isobe, M Issah,A Isupov,D Ivanishchev,Y Iwanaga,B V Jacak,M Javani,Z Ji,J Jia,X Jiang,J Jin,O Jinnouchi,B M Johnson,T Jones,K S Joo,D Jouan,D S Jumper, F Kajihara,S Kametani,N Kamihara,J Kamin, M Kaneta,S Kaneti, B H Kang,J H Kang,J S Kang,H Kanou,J Kapustinsky,K Karatsu,M Kasai,T Kawagishi,D Kawall,M Kawashima,A V Kazantsev,S Kelly, T Kempel,V Khachatryan,A Khanzadeev,K M Kijima, J Kikuchi,A Kim, B I Kim,C Kim,D H Kim,D J Kim,E Kim,E-J Kim,H J Kim,K-B Kim,M Kim,S H Kim,Y-J Kim,Y K Kim,Y-S Kim,D Kincses,E Kinney,K Kiriluk,Á Kiss,E Kistenev,A Kiyomichi,J Klatsky,J Klay, C Klein-Boesing, D Kleinjan,P Kline,L Kochenda,V Kochetkov,Y Komatsu,B Komkov,M Konno,J Koster,D Kotchetkov,D Kotov,A Kozlov,A Král,A Kravitz,F Krizek,P J Kroon,J Kubart,G J Kunde,B Kurgyis,N Kurihara,K Kurita,M Kurosawa,M J Kweon,Y Kwon,G S Kyle,R Lacey,Y S Lai,J G Lajoie,D Layton,A Lebedev,Y Le Bornec,S Leckey, B Lee, D M Lee,J Lee, K B Lee,K S Lee, M K Lee,S H Lee,S R Lee,T Lee,M J Leitch, M A L Leite,M Leitgab,B Lenzi,Y H Leung,B Lewis,N A Lewis,X Li,X H Li,P Lichtenwalner,P Liebing,H Lim,S H Lim,L A Linden Levy,T Liška,A Litvinenko,H Liu,M X Liu,S Lökös,B Love,D Lynch,C F Maguire,T Majoros,Y I Makdisi,M Makek,A Malakhov,M D Malik, A Manion,V I Manko,E Mannel,Y Mao,L Mašek,H Masui,S Masumoto,F Matathias,M C McCain,M McCumber,P L McGaughey,D McGlinchey,C McKinney, N Means,M Mendoza,B Meredith,Y Miake,T Mibe,A C Mignerey,D E Mihalik,P Mikeš,K Miki,T E Miller,A Milov,S Mioduszewski,D K Mishra,G C Mishra,M Mishra,J T Mitchell,M Mitrovski,G 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Reynolds,V Riabov, Y Riabov,E Richardson,D Richford,T Rinn,D Roach,G Roche,S D Rolnick,A Romana, M Rosati,C A Rosen, S S E Rosendahl,P Rosnet,Z Rowan,P Rukoyatkin,J Runchey,P Ružička,V L Rykov,S S Ryu, B Sahlmueller,N Saito,T Sakaguchi,S Sakai,K Sakashita, H Sakata, H Sako,V Samsonov,M Sano,S Sano,M Sarsour,H D Sato,S Sato,T Sato,S Sawada,B K Schmoll,K Sedgwick,J Seele,R Seidl,A Yu Semenov,V Semenov,A Sen,R Seto,D Sharma, T K Shea,I Shein,A Shevel,T-A Shibata,K Shigaki,M Shimomura,T Shohjoh,K Shoji,P Shukla,A Sickles,C L Silva,D Silvermyr,C Silvestre,K S Sim,B K Singh,C P Singh,V Singh,M J Skoby,S Skutnik,M Slunečka,W C Smith,A Soldatov,R A Soltz,W E Sondheim,S P Sorensen,I V Sourikova,F Staley,P W Stankus, E Stenlund,M Stepanov,A Ster,S P Stoll,T Sugitate,C Suire,A Sukhanov,J P Sullivan,J Sun,Z Sun,J Sziklai,T Tabaru,S Takagi,E M Takagui,A Takahara,A Taketani,R Tanabe,K H Tanaka,Y Tanaka,S Taneja,K Tanida,M J Tannenbaum,S Tarafdar,A Taranenko,P Tarján,E Tennant,H Themann,D Thomas,T L Thomas,R Tieulent,T Todoroki,M Togawa,A Toia,J Tojo,L Tomášek,M Tomášek,Y Tomita,H Torii,R S Towell,V-N Tram,I Tserruya,Y Tsuchimoto,T Tsuji,S K Tuli, H Tydesjö,N Tyurin,Y Ueda,B Ujvari,C Vale,H Valle,H W van Hecke,M Vargyas,E Vazquez-Zambrano,A Veicht,J Velkovska,R Vértesi,A A Vinogradov,M Virius,A Vossen,V Vrba, E Vznuzdaev,M Wagner,D Walker,X R Wang, D Watanabe,K Watanabe,Y Watanabe,Y S Watanabe,F Wei,R Wei,J Wessels,S N White,N Willis,D Winter,S Wolin,C P Wong,C L Woody,R M Wright,M Wysocki,B Xia,W Xie,C Xu,Q Xu,Y L Yamaguchi,K Yamaura,R Yang,A Yanovich,Z Yasin,J Ying,S Yokkaichi,J H Yoo,Z You,G R Young,I Younus,H Yu,I E Yushmanov,W A Zajc,O Zaudtke,A Zelenski,C Zhang,S Zharko,S Zhou,J Zimamyi,L Zolin,L Zou

Physical Review Letters（2019）

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摘要

The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (0.4 < p(T) < 3 GeV/c) direct-photon yields from Au + Au collisions at root s(NN) =39 and 62.4 GeV. For both beam energies the direct-photon yields are substantially enhanced with respect to expectations from prompt processes, similar to the yields observed in Au +horn Au collisions at root s(NN) =200. Analyzing the photon yield as a function of the experimental observable dN(ch)/d(eta) eveals that the low-momentum (> 1 GeV= c) direct-photon yield dN(gamma)(dir)/d(eta) is a smooth function f dN(ch)/d eta and can be well described as proportional to (dN(ch)/d(eta))(alpha) with a approximate to 1.25. This scaling behavior holds for a wide range of beam energies at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, for centrality selected samples, as well as for different A thorn A collision systems. At a given beam energy, the scaling also holds for high p(T) (> 5 GeV= c), but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional root s(NN) -dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield.

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关键词

emission,direct-photon,heavy-ion

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