Curcumin dose-dependently improves spermatogenic disorders induced by exogenous scrotal heat stress in mice

A drug bound to protein is inactive, and it is only the free drug that can bind with a receptor providing pharmacological action. Currently, the clinical utility of monitoring free phenytoin, valproic acid, and, to some extent, carbamazepine has been well established. In addition, the immunosuppressant drug mycophenolic acid is also strongly bound to serum albumin, and monitoring free mycophenolic acid in uremic patients who are transplant recipient also has been established.