Impact of rapid diagnostic tests on the management of patients presenting with Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia

•Pathogens are usually identified from blood cultures using a two-step procedure: Gram staining on the day of bacterial growth, followed by identification and susceptibility testing the following day or the day after next.•Diagnostic advances contributed to reducing time to result availability.•We identified micro-organisms on the day of bacterial growth detection in blood culture using mass spectrometry and molecular biology techniques.•Rapid tests contributed to assessing susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins among Enterobacteriaceae strains within the same time period.•We demonstrated earlier initiation of an effective treatment and shorter hospital length of stay.•This strategy should be useful to initiate an early effective and appropriate therapy and to improve the care of patients.