Gender differences in the incidence of and risk factors for hip fracture: A 16-year longitudinal study in a southern European population.

•The incidence rate (IR) of hip fracture among women was three times higher than in men.•In a population with 10% of illiterate women, illiteracy independently increased the risk of hip fracture in women by 55%.•Depression increased the risk in women, smoking and disability increased the risk in men. Dementia did not increase the risk in either gender.