Survival of Salmonella Typhimurium on Soybean Sprouts Following Treatments with Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide and Biocontrol Pseudomonas Bacteria

Control of Salmonella Typhimurium on sprouts is crucial for food and consumer safety. In this study, natural microflora on soybean seed was assessed and effects of gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ) and biocontrol Pseudomonas on the survival of S. Typhimurium on soybean sprouts were evaluated. Sprouts were dip-inoculated with S. Typhimurium prior to the application of the biocontrol ( P. chlororaphis and P. fluorescens ). After inoculation with S. Typhimurium , the sprouts were treated with ClO 2 at 0.4 mg/L for 1 h (90% R.H., 13°C). Pseudomonas strains and Salmonella were recovered on Pseudomonas Agar F (PAF) and xylose lysine tergitol-4 (XLT-4) media, respectively. Pseudomonas strains reduced Salmonella by <1 log colony forming units (CFU)/g of sprouts, whereas S. Typhimurium on soybean sprouts was reduced from 2.55 to 5.35 logs CFU/g by ClO 2 . Gaseous ClO 2 treatment reduced S. Typhimurium by 3.90 (0 h), 4.47 (24 h), and 3.61 log CFU/g (168 h). It was concluded that ClO 2 and biocontrol treatment can enhance sprout safety.