Obtusifolin Inhibits High Glucose‑induced Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

DM is often accompanied by macrovascular complications. Obtusifolin, which is an anthraquinone-based compound with antioxidant activity, is obtained from the seeds of Cassia obtusifolia. In this study, the potential effect of obtusifolin was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results from flow cytometry analysis revealed that pretreatment with obtusifolin depressed the production of cellular reactive oxygen species that was induced by high glucose content. Moreover, the results showed that pretreatment with obtusifolin reduced the level of malondialdehyde, as well as recovered the activities of mitochondria' complex catalase and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore, flow cytometry analysis also revealed that mitochondria' membrane potential and cell apoptosis were recovered, and inhibited by obtusifolin, respectively. The expression of X chromosome-linked IAP was upregulated, whereas the expressions of poly ADP-ribose polymerase and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3/9 were downregulated by the pretreatment with obtusifolin. Notably, the western blot analyses showed that the release of OmilitrA2 into the cytosol was prevented by the pretreatment with obtusifolin. Conclusively, it was suggested that obtusifolin may provide protection against mitochondria' apoptosis largely through inhibition of the release of Omi/HtrA2 from mitochondria into cytosol.