Are We Using Placebo Effects in Specialized Palliative Care?

Abstract Background Placebo effects are positive treatment effects that occur because of the psycho-social context around the therapy. Such effects are well documented in pain treatment, as well as in the treatment of other common symptoms. Specialized Palliative Care focuses on the relief of pain and other symptoms in terminally ill cancer patients. Aims The aim of this study was to explore whether and/or how a Specialized Palliative Care Team might contribute to the creation of placebo effects. Methods The study was conducted as a qualitative study using a phenomenological/hermeneutic approach. A literature review was carried out to identify state-of-the-art knowledge about placebo effects. A triangulation of data collection techniques was used, including participant observations (n = 8.6 h) and a focus group interview with 7 members of the Specialized Palliative Care Team. Observations from six cases were also included. Data was analyzed using NVivo 11.0. Findings This study identified work routines and situation of the Specialized Palliative Care Team that had a potential for eliciting placebo effects. The value of patient collaboration for the creation of placebo effects was identified by members of the Specialized Palliative Care Team. The team’s knowledge and attitudes concerning placebo reflect the confusion that exists in general in this area. Conclusions This study found several work routines, already in use by the Specialized Palliative Care Team, well known for creating placebo effects. Increased knowledge and focus on this phenomenon may benefit patients.