Pitfalls for the “sandwich Technique” Via a Right Ventricular Incision to Repair Post-Infarction Ventricular Septal Defects

We have reported “sandwich technique,” via a right ventricular incision, to treat a post-infarction ventricular septal defect (VSD). This technique involves the placement of patches on both the left and right sides of the septum, pinching the VSD sealed with surgical adhesive between the two patches. In this study, we analyzed factors influencing 1-year mortality to determine the pitfalls in our procedure.