Defining the Rehabilitation Needs of Water Networks

High losses in water distribution networks can cause inefficiencies due to the unnecessary expense of pumping and treating water which never reaches the customer. Excessively low losses can be inefficient too because the investment required can exceed the benefit. The optimum leakage level for any water network varies from network to network and is the objective of the PALM+ system By applying PALM+ it is possible not only to determine the optimum leakage level, but quantify the rehabilitation investment necessary to achieve it. It is applicable also to networks subjected to intermittent supply and has shown remarkable accuracy.