Possibilities of using deciduous tree species in trace element biomonitoring in an urban area (Plovdiv, Bulgaria)

Leaves of Acer platanoides L., Aesculus hippocastanum L. and Betula pendula Roth. were collected from urban sites with different anthropogenic impact in the city of Plovdiv (Bulgaria). Concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb and Zn in foliage samples were analyzed by ICP–MS. Three studied deciduous trees clearly showed variations in element concentrations depending on the sampling site (Pb, Fe, Cr) and the plant species (Zn). Betula pendula was found to be a better bioaccumulator for the elements Cr, Cd, and especially for Zn. Our approach could be successfully applied in the monitoring of air pollution due to trace elements in urban areas, regardless of their size and topography.