Changes In Impacts Of Climate Extremes: Human Systems And Ecosystems
MANAGING THE RISKS OF EXTREME EVENTS AND DISASTERS TO ADVANCE CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION（2012）
摘要
Extreme impacts can result from extreme weather and climate events, but can also occur without extreme events. This chapter examines two broad categories of impacts on human and ecological systems, both of which are influenced by changes in climate, vulnerability, and exposure: first, the chapter primarily focuses on impacts that result from extreme weather and climate events, and second, it also considers extreme impacts that are triggered by less-than-extreme weather or climate events. These two categories of impacts are examined across sectors, systems, and regions. Extreme events can have positive as well as negative impacts on ecosystems and human activities.
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关键词
water scarcity,public health,reproduction,disaster,coral reefs,glaciers,scale,attribution,china,groundwater,ocean acidification,cost benefit analysis,deforestation,vulnerability,extratropical,informal,transport,exposure,migration,population growth,storm surge,urbanization,human systems,refugees,tourism,growing season,livelihoods,temperature,tropical cyclones,landslides,wind,direct costs,sea level,discounting,sea ice,ecosystems,risk assessment,land use change,precipitation,sea surface temperature,adaptation,food security,hurricanes,developed countries,mudslides,poverty,human settlements,indirect costs,tropical,levees,livestock,climate change,gdp,rural,atolls,permafrost,urban heat islands,snow,low income countries,runoff,disease vectors,cyclones,small island states,agriculture,developing countries,resilience,economic costs
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