Can Medication Free, Treatment-Resistant, Depressed Patients Who Initially Respond to TMS Be Maintained off Medications? A Prospective, 12-Month Multisite Randomized Pilot Study

•There is little information on the maintenance use of TMS after acute response.•We compared two maintenance strategies: once-monthly TMS vs. watchful waiting.•Reintroduction TMS was available; patients were antidepressant free.•There were no significant group differences on any outcome measure.•The number of TMS reintroduction sessions was modest, and generally successful.