Morphometric Analysis of the Proximal Ulna Using Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography and Computer-Aided Design: Varus, Dorsal, and Torsion Angulation

The proximal ulna, particularly the course of the posterior border, has a complex three-dimensional (3D) morphology which has been highlighted recently due to its clinical relevance in relation to surgical treatments. 3D computed tomography (CT) reconstruction and computer-aided design (CAD) based software can help to visualize the complex anatomy and thus aid the investigation of the more detailed morphology of the proximal ulna.