Valproic acid-induced gene expression responses in rat whole embryo culture and comparison across in vitro developmental and non-developmental models

•Transcriptomics was used to identify VPA-induced gene expression changes in WEC.•VPA-induced responses were compared across in vitro-based developmental models.•We observed conservation of VPA-induced gene regulation across in vitro developmental models.•Developmental models provide added value when assessing developmental-specific effects.