Wheat (triticum Aestivuml.) Response to Combined Organic and Inorganic Phosphorus Fertilizers Application under Saline Conditions
Acta agriculturæ Scandinavica Section B, Soil and plant science(2007)
摘要
Phytoavailability of inorganic phosphorus (Pi) reduces within a few hours of application while continuous application of organic phosphorus (Po) has gained the attention of environmentalists. Therefore, continuous application of either Pi or Po would not be a desirable approach. In addition, the ameliorative effect of phosphorus (P) on plant growth under a saline environment has broadened the scope of this hazard. However, our knowledge about P release from amended soils and plant uptake under Cl or SO4 salt saturated soils is very limited. Therefore, the current study was designed with two objectives: 1) to evaluate the effect of Cl and SO4 salts on inorganic P release/uptake; 2) to evaluate wheat response to a new combined application of Po + Pi sources under a saline environment. In a greenhouse study, soil was salinized by adding NaCl and Na2SO4 salts and P was amended at the rate of 100 kg ha(-1) in the form of composted livestock manure (Po), KH2PO4 (Pi) and Po (50 kg ha(-1)) + Pi (50 kg ha(-1)) (Pc) along with a control. Irrespective of salt types, application of P sources enhanced plant growth and P uptake compared to the control. Combined P sources (Pc) gave higher shoot and root dry matter than P source applied alone. Chloride salt suppressed shoot and root dry matter more severely than SO4 salt. Phosphorus uptake and recovery (%) increased in pots amended with Pc. Chloride salt was also more toxic for plant P uptake and recovery than SO4 salt. In the laboratory experiment, soils were amended with the same P sources. After first extraction with NaCl and Na2SO4, biologically available P (extracted with NaHCO3), Fe- and Al- bound P (extracted with NaOH) and stable Ca-bound P (extracted with HCl) fractions were measured. It was observed that SO4 salt released higher amounts of labile P fractions (salt and NaHCO3 extracted P) than Cl. This study clearly showed that Cl is more toxic for plant growth and P uptake, while SO4 has higher P desorption capacity. It is suggested that Pc would not only best meet wheat P requirements under saline conditions, but will also help to reduce the load of waste application on agricultural soils.
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关键词
chloride-salinity,phosphorus source,phosphorus recovery,phosphorus uptake,P fractions,P release,sulphate salinity
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