Beneficial effects of ω-3 fatty acid treatment on the recovery of cardiac function after cold storage of Hyperlipidemic rats

Cardiac effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were studied in female Wister rats fed a standard diet (control [C] diet) or a high-cholesterol (HC) diet. Subgroups of rats from these groups were treated with eicosapentaenoic acid-E (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid-95E (DHA) for 5 weeks. Although plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels were higher in each group fed the HC diet versus each group fed the C diet, EPA administration with the HC diet (HC + EPA) significantly (P < .05) reduced these levels. An isolated working-heart preparation was used to determine cardiac function. Cardiac output (CO) was lower in rats fed the HC diet and HC + DHA versus any of the groups fed the C diet (P < .05). In addition, left ventricular (LV) maximum differentiation of pressure-time curve (dpdt) was lower in the rats fed the HC diet versus any of the C diet groups (P < .05). After evaluation of cardiac function in each rat, the heart was stored in a histidine-tryptophanketoglutarate solution for 8 hours at 4°C. The heart was then reperfused, and recovery of cardiac function was evaluated. No significant differences were observed for post-preservative cardiac function within the C diet groups. However, within the HC diet groups, HC + EPA significantly (P < .05) improved the recovery of cardiac function. In addition, HC + DHA also significantly (P < .05) improved the recovery of coronary flow (CF) and LV dpdt. No significant differences were observed for plasma TC and TG concentrations in the C diet groups. EPA administration significantly decreased cardiac levels of palmitic, oleic, and linoleic acids in the HC diet groups. No significant differences were observed for cardiac levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) within the C diet groups. Cardiac EPA and DHA levels were significantly (P < .05) elevated in EPA- or DHA-treated rats compared with the other diet-fed rats. Cardiac EPA levels were also elevated in DHA-treated rats compared with untreated rats (P < .05). These results suggest that EPA attenuates coronary and myocardial preservation injuries through an increase in serum lipids and an accumulation of myocardial FFAs resulting from a HC diet.