Bubble Nebulae Around Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources

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Abstract

RESUMEN La naturaleza de las fuentes de rayos-X ultraluminosas (ULX) externas a los n ucleos de galaxias cercanas contin ua ser un misterio puesto que la cantidad de radiaci on a altas energ as, si fuera isotr opica, rebasar a el l mite de Eddington incluso de los hoyos negros estelares m as masivos. Muchas de las fuentes de rayos-X ultraluminosas est an rodeadas por nebulosas de emisi on, las cuales muestran indicaciones de ionizaci on tanto por choques como por rayos-X. Se pueden utilizar las nebulosas relativamente compactas ionizadas por rayosX para inferir de manera independiente las luminosidades y por lo tanto excluir posibles efectos de enfoque hacia la visual. Las nebulosas m as grandes tipo burbuja alcanzan di ametros de algunas centenas de parsecs y proporcionan informaci on importante acerca de la formaci on y/o historia de p erdida de masa de las ULX. Se~ la relaci on cercana que hay con los microcuasares y el sistema SS 433, anteriormente unico, con su nebulosa de radio W 50.

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X-Ray Astronomy

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Pretraining has recently greatly promoted the development of natural language processing (NLP)
We show that M6 outperforms the baselines in multimodal downstream tasks, and the large M6 with 10 parameters can reach a better performance
We propose a method called M6 that is able to process information of multiple modalities and perform both single-modal and cross-modal understanding and generation
The model is scaled to large model with 10 billion parameters with sophisticated deployment, and the 10 -parameter M6-large is the largest pretrained model in Chinese
Experimental results show that our proposed M6 outperforms the baseline in a number of downstream tasks concerning both single modality and multiple modalities We will continue the pretraining of extremely large models by increasing data to explore the limit of its performance

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