Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

Recent efforts by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other researchers have resulted in a growing database of measured concentrations of chemical substances in blood or urine samples taken from the general population. However, few tools exist to assist in the interpretation of the mea- sured values in a health risk context. Biomonitoring Equivalents (BEs) are defined as the concentration or range of concentrations of a chemical or its metabolite in a biological medium (blood, urine, or other medium) that is consistent with an existing health-based exposure guideline. This document reviews available pharmacokinetic data and models for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and applies these data and models to existing health-based exposure guidance values from the US Environmental Protection Agency to estimate corresponding BE values for 2,4-D in plasma and urine. These values can be used as screening tools for evaluation of biomonitoring data for 2,4-D in the context of the existing USEPA risk assessment and for prioritization of the potential need for additional risk assessment efforts for 2,4-D.