Research interests Sensory physiology of echolocating mammals and their prey. Functional anatomy, dynamics and biomechanics of odontocete sound production. Biosonar, signal properties, prey detection and auditory scene analysis of bats and toothed whales. Hearing and particle motion detection in aquatic organisms. Ecophysiology, behavior, energetics and foraging ecology of deep diving odontocetes and bats. Acoustic interactions between toothed whales & bats and their prey. Physiological, behavioral and energetic effects of man made noise on marine mammals. Controlled exposure and playback experiments for mitigative purposes. Passive acoustic monitoring and underwater sound communication and sound transmission.