This study analyzes and optimizes the transient temperature behavior of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) systems during load switching to ensure thermal safety and system longevity. A mechanism model is developed in MATLAB and validated using actual data. Transient temperature variations under various operating conditions are simulated and analyzed. A multi-case transient temperature optimization strategy is proposed to achieve safe operation. Results indicate that under load drop conditions, the maximum stack temperature gradient (Max.|ΔT PEN |), combustion chamber temperature (T B ), and stack inlet temperature difference (ΔT inlet ) may exceed safe ranges. Increased power switching range and reduced current switching time also pose safety risks. After optimization, the system can maintain safe and efficient operation during load switching, with Max.|ΔT PEN | ε [0, 8K/cm], T B ε [873K, 1273K, and ΔT inlet ε [0, 200K]. Additionally, the system enables fast power following, completing load switching within 1 minute for loads in the range of 1∼5kW.