Board certification: - Board certification in therapeutic trials methodology (University Paris VII, 1983) - Specialist in Cardiology (1985) - Board certification in Echocardiography (University Paris XII, 1987) Membership in professional societies: 1985: Société de Réanimation de langue française From 1998 to 2002: Member of the Executive committee From 1999 to 2002: General Secretary of the Society 1990: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine From 2004 to 2010: French representative of the Council From 2010 to 2014: Head of the Working group on haemodynamic monitoring From 2014: Chair of the Cardiovascular Dynamics section 2004: American Thoracic Society