My research focusses on the final evolution of solar-type stars on and beyond the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). These stars are important ingredients in the life cycle of galaxies, maybe even in the early universe. The stellar mass loss is the key process, and the stellar winds provide the dust and molecular line emission which lies at the base of the analysis. Of particular importance are the compositions of the stellar winds, i.e., atomic and molecular abundances, isotope ratios, and dust species. Finally, the dramatic changes in mass-loss properties and chemistry as the object leaves the AGB and evolves towards the planetary nebula stage are part of the research.