Career Research Highlights Fred’s research career started with work on pesticide pollution which included use of molecular modelling that lead to an ab initio explanation of groundwater pollution and new methods of measuring groundwater vulnerability. While in Durham, Fred was the first to develop a complete carbon budget for a Peatlands which was extended to consider impact of management upon the greenhouse gas balance of Peatlands and modelling of these fluxes. More recent work has considered global processes and especially the impact of the oxidation state of the terrestrial biosphere. Research interests Carbon biogeochemistry especially of peats and rivers Agricultural pollution, especially pesticide and nitrate pollution Contaminant hydrology Environmental chemistry