Denis E. Bragin received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in biochemistry from the Biological Faculty, Rostov State University (RSU), Rostov-on-Don, Russia, in 1999. Currently, he is working toward the Ph.D. degree specializing in physiology at the Kogan Research Institute for Neurocybernetics, RSU. His research interests include photobiology, photodynamic therapy, cell signaling, and the bioenergetics in apoptosis and necrosis.