We also study the regulation of chemokine production in vivo since this is a critical determinant of their role in a given biological response. We have a particular interest in the role of innate immune receptors, such as toll-like receptors, in regulating chemokine production in vivo. We are also interested in structure-function relationships of chemokines and their receptors as well as the molecular mechanism of chemokine signal transduction, as these are important questions relevant to chemotaxis and immune cell trafficking in health and disease. Finally, chemokines and chemoattractant receptors are interrogated in human diseases to determine chemokine systems relevant for disease pathogenesis.