Professor and Chairman, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland 2014-
Director, Clinicum, University of Helsinki 2015-
Docent (=adjunct professor) in pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland 1991
Docent (=adjunct professor) in anaesthesiology, University of Helsinki, Finland 1995
Assistant, Department of Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland,1983-1984
Resident, Department of Anaesthesia, Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,1984-1985
Assistant, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland,1989
Assistant, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland,1985
Assistant professor (=clinical lecturer), Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Finland,1986
Visiting scientist, Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Bonn, Germany (Hosts: Professor H Stoeckel and Professor H Schwilden),1987-1988
Resident, Department of Anaesthesia, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,1990-1991
Assistant professor (=clinical lecturer), Department of Anaesthesia, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (total 6.5 years),1992-1998
Staff anaesthesiologist, Department of Anaesthesia, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (total 6.5 years),1992-1998
Acting professor and chairman, Department of Anaesthesia, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (total 7 months),1997
Chief Physician, Department of Anaesthesia, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland (total 11 months)1999
Medical Director, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland,6/1998-9/2002
Director of research and administrative director of Neuroanaesthesia, Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Töölö Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland 10/2002-2/2003
Professor and Chairman, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency Care and Pain Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland,2003-2013
Director of the Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Turku, Finland,2008-2013