ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming Regions -XXI. A Large-sample Observational Study of Ethanol and Dimethyl Ether in Hot Cores

Zhiping Kou,Xiaohu Li，James O. Chibueze, Ziyang Li

arXiv · Astrophysics of Galaxies（2025）

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Abstract

Hot cores, as a stage of massive star formation, exhibit abundant line emissions of COMs. We present a deep line survey of two isomers of C_2H_6O: ethanol (C_2H_5OH; EA), and dimethyl ether (CH_3OCH_3; DE) as well as their possible precursor CH_3OH towards 60 hot cores by using the ALMA 3 mm line observations. EA is detected in 40 hot cores and DE is detected in 59 hot cores. Of these, EA and DE are simultaneously detected in 39 hot cores. We calculate rotation temperatures and column densities of EA and DE by using the XCLASS software. The average rotation temperature of EA is higher than that of DE, whereas the average column density of EA is lower than that of DE. Combined with previous studies of hot cores and hot corinos, we find strong column density correlations among EA and DE (ρ = 0.92), EA and CH_3OH (ρ = 0.82), as well as DE and CH_3OH (ρ = 0.80). The column density ratios of EA/DE versus the column densities of CH_3OH remain nearly constant with values within 1 order of magnitude. These strong correlations and the stable ratios, suggest that EA, DE, and CH_3OH could be chemically linked, with CH_3OH potentially serving as a precursor for EA and DE. Compared with chemical models, the three different warm-up timescale models result in the systematic overproduction of EA and the systematic underproduction of DE. Therefore, our large sample observations can provide crucial constraints on chemical models.

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【要点】：本研究利用ALMA 3mm波段观测数据，对60个热核中的乙醇和二甲醚进行了大量样本观测，揭示了它们与甲醇之间的化学联系，并为化学模型提供了重要约束。

【方法】：采用ALMA 3mm波段进行深度谱线扫描，使用XCLASS软件计算乙醇和二甲醚的旋转温度和柱密度。

【实验】：观测了60个热核中的乙醇和二甲醚，实验数据来源于ALMA 3mm线观测，结果表明乙醇在40个热核中被检测到，二甲醚在59个热核中被检测到，两者在39个热核中同时被检测到，且发现它们与甲醇之间的柱密度存在强相关性。

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