Comparative study on the physicochemical characteristics and botanical diversity of Moroccan honeys

This study provides a comprehensive quality assessment of Moroccan honeys from diverse botanical origins, based on key physicochemical parameters established by international honey standards committees. Parameters analyzed include moisture content, pH, free acidity, lactonic acidity, total acidity, total reducing sugars, protein content, diastase activity, melanoidin content, color (Pfund scale), electrical conductivity, ash content, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC). Significant variability was observed across the honey samples. Moisture determined using a refractometer ranged from 16.3