Preparation of biomimetic MAO coating on β-Titanium alloy surface and its bone regeneration property in diabetic environment

A biomimetic coating was prepared on beta -titanium alloy surface using micro -arc oxidation to enhance its bone regeneration property in diabetic environment. The research probed into the complex interactions between crystalline phase, chemical composition, and surface morphology in modulating osteoblast behavior. The resultant coating displayed an open, porous structure, characterized by surface porosities ranging from 19.3 % to 39.8 % and a roughness distribution spanning 22.9 to 37.9 nm. XRD and XPS analyses confirmed a hydroxyapatite crystal structure within the coatings. Elemental quantification revealed Ca/P ratios from 1.49 to 2.44, aligning closely with the physiological bone ratio of 1.67. Under the synergistic effects of hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end -products (AGES), Ca and P ion release from the MAO coating was expedited, thereby inducing osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. In addition, the Ca 2 + released from the coating would complex with AGES, reducing its inhibitory effect on cell growth and thus promoting cell proliferation. Cellular experiments showed that higher coating porosity and its beneficial ions release facilitated the growth environment and promoted cell proliferation and differentiation. This study utilized coating design and corrosion phenomena to provide a theoretical basis for titanium alloys in clinical applications.