Sources of High-Energy Astrophysical Neutrinos

arXiv · High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena（2024）

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Abstract

We discuss recent results in neutrino astronomy and their implications forthe cosmic-ray acceleration in relativistic outflows, such as in ActiveGalactic Nuclei (AGN) jets, Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs), and Tidal DisruptionEvents (TDEs). We especially focus on challenges at the interface to particleacceleration which can be inferred from the multi-messenger context, such asthe paradigm that the sources power the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs).We demonstrate that both AGN blazars (in the context of neutrino observations)and GRBs (as UHECR sources in the context of neutrino-non-observations) pointtowards acceleration spectra harder than E^-2, or relatively high minimalcosmic-ray injection energies, to meet the respective energy budgetrequirements. We furthermore speculate that neutrino flares in AGN blazars maybe related to super-Eddington accretion flares, or that GRBs are powered bysignificantly higher kinetic energies than typically assumed in electromagneticmodels. For internal shock models, the UHECR paradigm for GRBs can only bemaintained in the light of neutrino stacking limits in multi-zone models. Whilerelativistic outflows in TDEs have become recently interesting per se andmodels for the neutrino emission from jetted TDEs exist, a direct connectionbetween TDE jets pointing in our direction and astrophysical neutrinos has notbeen identified yet.

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【要点】：论文探讨了高能天体物理中中微子的来源，特别是在活动星系核喷流、伽马射线暴和潮汐破坏事件中的粒子加速问题，提出这些源的加速谱硬于E^-2或具有较高最小宇宙射线注入能量，以满足能量预算需求。

【方法】：通过分析中微子天文学的最新结果，结合多信使观测数据，推断宇宙射线加速的性质。

【实验】：研究利用了中微子观测数据，特别是针对活动星系核喷流（如AGN blazars）和伽马射线暴（GRBs）的非观测中微子数据，以及潮汐破坏事件（TDEs）的模型推测，但未直接关联到观测到的天体物理中微子。

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