A Systematic Approach for Appropriate Selection of Electrode in Lithium-ion Batteries for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle

Due to growing environmental concerns and rising fuel prices, electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity over internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). A growing emphasis is being placed on improving plug-in hybrid electric cars (PHEVs), which have a greater battery capacity and more flexible charging options than hybrid electric vehicles. In this regard, lithium-ion batteries are one of the most intriguing technologies whose performance largely depends on the choice of electrodes. Selecting the most appropriate electrode that maximizes battery performance while minimizing cost is essential for large-scale implementation. To this end, this paper proposes a systematic methodology to select the most suitable positive electrode technology for PHEV considering battery performance and cost aspects. Following the proposed approach, a total of 15 different types of electrodes are taken to calculate battery dimension, weight, energy density, and cost aspect in BatPaC software. Then, a normalized objective function is constructed to find the most appropriate positive electrode technology. In this research, the battery cost aspect is given the most weightage followed by other performance metrics. The findings show that, in terms of cost and performance, the NMC811-G (Energy) electrode provides the best result out of all the evaluated combinations. The proposed approach may be adapted to meet the needs of battery pack manufacturers for any type of EV technology. Therefore, this research can significantly aid in the selection of suitable electrodes for future lithium-ion batteries in the EV industry.