Electrochemical Sensors for the Determination of Antipyretic and Antibiotic Drugs in Environmental and Biological Samples

Antipyretic and antibiotic medications are the most commonly used drugs to treat pain, fever, inflammation and bacterial infections. But an overdose can be harmful to the human being, and unregulated discharge into environments poses serious threats to the environment. Conventional analytical methodologies have been replaced by electrochemical sensors, which have tremendous potential for selective and sensitive determination of pharmaceutical drugs in various biological and environmental samples at low cost. The current review provides an overview of electrochemical sensors fabricated by various nanomaterials, polymer and biological compounds for the determination of antipyretic and antibiotic drugs. These modifiers provide additional functional groups, surface area and conductivity which enhance the recovery response of the sensors. Additionally, other analytical performances like linear range, limit of detection, real sample analysis and detection technique have been provided. Finally, this review finishes by going through potential future developments, difficulties, and opportunities for developing economical and environment friendly electrochemical sensors.