Nano-emulsion form of castor seed oil as a new alternative to control Tribolium castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis and its histological alteration in rats

Essential oils (EOs) and their components have been conducted for insecticidal properties. Castor oil (CO) and nano-emulsion (CNE) were used against Tribolium castaneum and Oryzaephilus surinamensis under laboratory conditions. CNE exhibited mortality % on T. castaneum (80-100%) and O. surinamensis (75-100%) after 1 week, with respect to CO (80-100%) at 35 and 50%. Beetle progeny recorded 100% for CNE on T. castaneum, but CO ranged from 82 to 100% after 3 months. Regarding O. surinamensis, CNE did not show any adult emerged. Administered doses: (CO, 400 mg/kg body weight) and (CNE, 200 and 100 mg/kg equivalent 1/2 and 1/4 LD(50 )of CO) in rats did not observe signs of toxicity. Mild infiltration inflammatory cells and vacuolations were induced in hepato-sections and mild degenerative of vacuolated glomeruli was found in the renal sections. So, a nano-derived form of CO can be practiced as an eco-friendly alternative against the stored grain pests