(Digital Presentation) PLA Additive Manufactured Electrode for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Urea in Human Urine

The fourth industrial revolution is currently seeing the emergence of additive manufacturing, also known as 3D printing, which has the potential to transform current manufacturing procedures. In this work we present an electrochemical sensor for detection of urea in human urine by using the 3D-printed electrode. A commercial 3D conductive filament of carbon black and polylactic acid (PLA) is used by the fused deposition modeling (FDM) printer for the manufacturing of the electrode. The mechanical strength of the electrode was analyzed by performing the tensile, flexural, and impact tests using a Universal testing Machine. The fracture failures were studied using the Scanning Electron Microscope. The stability and reproducibility of the electrode is analyzed by performing fifteen repeated cyclic voltammetric responses to 0.1M of uric acid. The 3D printed electrode offered the detection limit of uric acid with 1.18 μM and a sensitivity of 97.9 nA μM -1 . Keywords: 3D-Printing, Additive Manufacturing, Polylactic acid, Uric Acid and Electrochemical Sensor