A Review on Bioremediation - an Emerging Technology for Treatment of Radionuclide Waste

Radioactive nuclides are utilized in large quantities in different sectors such as nuclear power plants to address energy demand. As a result, there is a massive amount of radioactive waste produced from nuclear sites and its spent sources including mining activities, nuclear weapons recycling, nuclear weapon, and nuclear energy generation. The widespread discharge of radionuclides into the environment and their mobility is a worldwide matter of concern given its health risks to living organisms. Hence, there is a need to embrace sustainable technologies for the effective management of radioactive nuclide wastes. Bioremediation is a promising and eco-friendly approach to remediate radioactive waste. The current review discussed various modes of bioremediation such as microbial, phyto, and myco-remediation for the management of radioactive waste. The interaction of microorganisms with various actinides and their fission products are also discussed. Moreover, a sustainable and efficient strategy for radioactive nuclide waste management in developing countries is also highlighted.