Wind Energy

The article contains sections titled: 1 Introduction 2 Power and Efficiency 2.1 Available Wind Power 2.2 Efficiency and Betz Limit 2.3 Scaling Laws 3 The Wind in Wind Energy 3.1 Velocity Measurement Techniques 3.2 Wind Maps 3.3 Vertical Velocity Profile 3.4 Frequency Distribution of Wind 3.5 Wind Direction 3.6 Turbulence 4 Technology 4.1 WEC Designs 4.1.1 Horizontal-Axis Systems 4.1.2 Vertical-Axis Systems 4.2 Power and WEC Control 4.2.1 Power Curve 4.2.2 Annual Energy Production 4.2.3 Variable Speed Control 4.2.4 Variable Pitch Control 4.2.5 Yaw Control 4.2.6 Wind Farm Control 4.3 Electrical Systems 4.3.1 Generators 4.3.2 Operating Modes 5 Offshore Wind Energy 6 Economic Aspects 6.1 Costs of Wind Energy 6.2 Levelized Cost of Energy 6.3 Present Share of Wind Energy in Energy Production Acknowledgment References