Effect of different latency periods on distraction osteogenesis in an experimental rabbit model Distraction osteogenesis and latent period

Aim: This work used immunohistochemical and radiographic analysis to show how latency time affects distraction osteogenesis in animals. Material and Methods: Eighteen rabbits had right femur drill osteotomies and external fixators. Latency duration split the rabbits into three groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 had latency times of 1, 5, and 10 days. After the latency period, all groups had a 20-day consolidation phase. After consolidation, the animals were euthanized, and immunohistochemical, histological, and radiological studies were performed on the distraction-induced callus tissue. Results: In radiological evaluation, there was no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 and Group 2 and Group 3 (p=1,000, p=0,066). Group 1 and 3 differed (p=0.018). Histopathological assessment showed no significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 or Group 2 and Group 3 (p= 0,557, p=0,062). Group 1 and 3 differed (p=0,001). Group 3 had more osteocalcin-positive cells than Groups 1 and 2. Discussion: Histopathological and radiographic methods showed that a 10-day distraction osteogenesis latency time in rabbit femurs is safer than 1 and 5-day periods. Human distraction osteogenesis latency must be determined by clinical trials.