Role of discharge voltage in the fabrication of TiO2 nanoparticles by gas aggregation cluster source (GAS)

Well-distributed TiO2 NPs were fabricated by using a Haberland-type gas aggregation cluster source (GAS). The main attention was devoted to revealing the connection between the process parameters and the final structure, which is critical to use these particles for various applications including photocatalysis, self-cleaning, water splitting, and sensing. Although oxygen flow, discharge voltage, and annealing temperature have a strong effect on TiO2 NPs formation, the present investigations indicate that the discharge voltage is the key parameter for controlling the final crystal structure.