Modeling Liposome Electroporation by nsPEF: Towards Realism

Biomedical applications utilizing nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) have demonstrated their ability to induce membrane rearrangement and modulate signaling pathways in biological cells. Proposed advancement in this field involves the activation of liposomes, as smart drug delivery nanocarriers, with nsPEF stimulation. In this work, the authors provide a multiphysics numerical study on liposomes exposed to nsPEF, comparing 2D and 3D models, to fill the gap between simulations and experiments.