Triglyceride rich lipoproteins and residual cardiovascular risk

Vast scientific evidence from clinical, preclinical, epidemiological, and ge-netic trial results show a causal association between increased triglycerides (TG), TG-rich lipoproteins (TRL), and their remnants for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). The accumulation of circulating LRT may explain, in part, the residual cardiovascular risk observed in patients suc-cessfully treated to reduce their LDL levels, however, the risk of ASCVD still persists. It is essential that in the assessment of the lipid profile, the determination or estimation of these lipoproteins be considered, added to the measurement of plasmatic TG. The objective of this review is to update the knowledge about the increased levels of TG, LRT and their remnants, provide alternatives for their determination and understand the mechanisms that involve LRT in the accelerated development of atherosclerosis. Updating the different parameters associated with increased TG and their cut-off values or clinical decision limits according to the ASCVD risk classi-fication for each patient will allow for the redesign of a results report that will be very useful for the physician and the patient regarding the preventive and therapeutic behaviours of the ASCVD.