Assessment of Stem Cell Transplant Eligibility in Recipients with Oral Foci of Infection: Appropriate Conditioning Regimens

Objectives: It is unclear whether patients with oral foci of infection should be approved for hematopoietic stem cell transplant with or without posttransplant cyclophosphamide. We compared the presence of oral foci of infection status on the effects of various conditioning regimens for such patients.Materials and Methods: Three groups were classified as autologous (carmustine-etoposide-cytarabinemelphalan, mitoxantrone-melphalan, and melphalan 200 mg/m2 groups; n = 502 patients), and 6 groups were classified as allogeneic (busulfan-fludarabinerabbit anti-T-lymphocyte globulin, busulfanfludarabine-posttransplant cyclophosphamide, fludarabine-cyclophosphamide-anti-T-lymphocyte globulin, busulfan-fludarabine-anti-T-lymphocyte globulin-posttransplant cyclophosphamide, total body irradiation-posttransplant cyclophosphamide, and other; n = 428 patients). Data were collected from a database that met international accreditation requirements. We evaluated dental radiological findings and calculated interobserver reliability.Results: Oral foci of infections increased febrile neutropenia and bacterial infection frequencies in both groups but only increased mucositis frequency in patients with allogeneic treatment. The frequencies of oral foci of infection-related complications were similar in both the autologous and allogeneic groups. Rate of graft-versus-host disease was not affected by oral foci of infection status. Periodontitis/cysts and periapical lesions increased the risk of infections at day 100 in the mitoxantrone-melphalan group versus the melphalan 200 mg/m2 group. We observed no differences among the autologous transplant groups in terms of early mortality. Similarly, no differences in early mortality were observed among the allogeneic groups.Conclusions: Transplant is a valid option in patients with oral foci of infections undergoing various autologous and allogeneic transplant protocols when time is of the essence, even at myeloablative dose intensities.