How does globalization affect ecological footprint? A Comparative analysis of India and Pakistan

Abstract This paper focuses on the economies of Pakistan and India to figure out the potential influence of globalization on ecological footprints (EF) which is rarely researched. Time series data both for Pakistan and India is sources for the period 1991 to 2018 from internationally reliable sources. The latest cointegration approach of NARDL is utilized for the estimation of models. The results indicated that globalization has a greater impact on India as compared to Pakistan regarding environmental degradation. Social globalization reacts asymmetrically to EF in case of Pakistan. In both economies, negative shocks are dominant as compared to positive shocks. To avoid the drastic impacts of economic globalization on environmental degradation, it is necessary that production techniques should be based on modern technologies. Furthermore, long term economic policies related to globalization should be made by governments of both economies to protect their environment from further degradation.