Challenges faced by beef cattle farmers in innovation adoption towards food security and sustainability: a narrative review

The agricultural industry in Malaysia remains a vital element in providing food and employment. Introducing innovation in beef cattle farming has brought new changes in the livestock sector. Hopefully, it can generate a high income among farmers and brighten the Malaysian economy. However, introducing innovations such as assisted reproduction technology, biosecurity and intensive rearing require more significant effort from all parties, including farmers, extension agents and the government. This paper aims to identify beef cattle farmers' challenges in adopting innovations to improve beef production. Process of identifying, screening and eligibility is essential in producing an extensive literature review paper. From these processes, nine articles were found as the most relevant for this review article. The financial problem, communication failure and inaccessible information were the main challenges faced by farmers and extension agents in implementing innovations. Nevertheless, cooperation from all parties can lead to an excellent distribution of knowledge and skills among farmers.