Networking Quantum Networks with Minimum Cost Aggregation

A quantum internet holds promise for achieving distributed quantum sensing and large-scale quantum computer networks, as well as quantum communication among arbitrary clients all over the globe. The main building block is efficient distribution of entanglement, entangled bits (ebits), between clients with fixed error, irrespective of their distance. In practice, this should be accomplished across multiple quantum networks, analogously to what the current Internet does in conventional communication. However, existing quantum repeater schemes for efficient distribution of ebits over long distances work only on linear networks. Besides, there was no prescription on how to choose such linear networks from quantum networks with arbitrary topology. Here we present a practical recipe on how to aggregate quantum networks with arbitrary topology in order to give clients ebits with fixed error efficiently, regardless of their distance. This recipe is based on combination of two new concepts of minimum cost aggregation and network concatenation. Our recipe forms the basis of designing a quantum internet protocol for networking self-organizing quantum networks to make a global-scale quantum internet.