T1 Mapping and Extracellular Volume Fraction Measurement to Evaluate the Poor-Prognosis Factors in Patients with Cervical Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

PurposeTo evaluate the clinical feasibility of T-1 mapping and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) measurement in assessing prognostic factors in patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Materials and methodsA total of 117 CSCC patients and 59 healthy volunteers underwent T-1 mapping and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) on a 3 T system. Native T-1, contrast-enhanced T-1, ECV, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated and compared based on surgico-pathologically verified deep stromal infiltration, parametrial invasion (PMI), lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI), lymph node metastasis, stage, histologic grade, and the Ki-67 labeling index (LI). ResultsNative T-1, contrast-enhanced T-1, ECV, and ADC values were significantly different between CSCC and the normal cervix (all p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in any parameters of CSCC when the tumors were grouped by stromal infiltration or lymph node status, respectively (all p > 0.05). In subgroups of the tumor stage and PMI, native T-1 was significantly higher for advanced-stage (p = 0.032) and PMI-positive CSCC (p = 0.001). In subgroups of the grade and Ki-67 LI, contrast-enhanced T-1 was significantly higher for high-grade (p = 0.012) and Ki-67 LI >= 50% tumors (p = 0.027). ECV was significantly higher in LVSI-positive CSCC than in LVSI-negative CSCC (p < 0.001). ADC values showed a significant difference for the grade (p < 0.001) but none for the other subgroups. ConclusionBoth T-1 mapping and DWI could stratify the CSCC histologic grade. In addition, T-1 mapping and ECV measurement might provide more quantitative metrics for noninvasively predicting poor prognostic factors and aiding in preoperative risk assessment in CSCC patients.